[View the story "Blocking India's rumour mill" on Storify ]Blocking India's rumour mill Is India's internet clampdown for national security or censorship? Storified by The Stream · Tue, Aug 28 2012 10:50:44
*Warning: Graphic content, discretion is advised.
In July inter-communal killing in India left an estimated 90 people dead and hundreds ofthousands displaced in the northeastern state of Assam. Tension over land-possessionrights between Muslims and Bodo tribesmen (Hindu, Christian, animist) is acentral cause of the violence given the influx of ethnic-Bengali Muslims into the state.
mapofAssamAJstream
[Warning: Graphic content] A video showing some of the victims of the violence in Assam:
ASSAM VIOLENCE 21 DEAD 50 000 HOMELESSmathrubhumionline
Below are pictures of Assamese refugees who have fled the recent outbreak in violence.
Assam refugees3AJstream
Assam refugees2AJstream
As India celebrates Eid spare a moment for these people in Assam relief campscamps
The worst episode of violence between Bodos and Muslims came in 1983 when 3,000 people were massacred. Below is a paragraph from
The Hindu news site on the victimisation of the "other". India's history with inter-communal violence is well-documented.
post2AJstream
On August 11 two were killed in Mumbai following protests by local Muslims angered by the violence in Assam. Below are two videos showing scenes of chaos:
Azad Maidan (CST) Riots, What you did not seeopfaceoff
Mumbai Riots 2012 - Exclusive Footage (HD)infidelfoundation
Immediately following the riots, rumours began to swirl about the possibility of Muslim reprisal attacks, prompting 30,000 northeastern workers living in India’s cities to return home. Fearing attacks Assamese crammed into overcrowded trains headed back home:
North-east people flee Karnataka amid rumours, panicetv2india
This photo shows people sleeping on the ground waiting for trains to go home:
Assam refugeesAJstream
In an effort to contain the free flow of rumours and false news via online sources, the government blocked more than 300 websites and numerous Twitter accounts, while SMS text messaging was limited to 5 SMSes per day (later increased to 20). The government feared that the rumours would further stoke existing tensions and create the type of environment for a massacre to take place.
Below is an infograph of the different websites that were blocked by the ISPs:
Analysing Latest List of Blocked Sites (Communalism & RiotingEdition) Centre for Internet http://t.co/DC95c1iQRamraiNaik
Almost immediately, there was mass criticism of the government’s response online and in the media. Many argued that these actions were infringing on the freedom of speech privileges guaranteed under the Indian constitution.
While many understood the government had good intentions in blocking certain content, they also felt that this was a form of censorship. Here's a debate in Indian media on the government's actions and the definition of "free speech":
Censorship: Is India going the China way?ndtv
What happened to the concept of Freedom of Speech?Sahil
India’s constitution allows some restrictions on freedom of speech, listing “sovereignty and integrity” of India as well as maintaining “public order, decency or morality” as the main reasons. Critics say the ambiguity of these restrictions has made it easy for the government to censor or block online content. Content that is subjectively categorised as “ethnically objectionable”, “grossly harmful”, “defamatory”, or “blasphemous” must be censored or blocked by Indian Service providers within 36 hours of their publishing, according to the latest rules instituted in 2011.
YouTube landed on the list of blocked websites:
YouTubeBlockAJstream
BarbarIndianAJstream
A mock "Certificate of Achievement" for
@barbarindian for being blocked by the Internet:
certificate of achievement to @barbarindian http://pic.twitter.com/EN9tcOqNinternet hindu
today they r blocking ur twitter account, tomorrow ur bank account and then will lock u in ur home ... #GOIBlocks #Emergency2012Indian Rebellion
Some Indians managed to find ways around the government censors continuing to use the internet freely through proxy servers such as the one below.
ProxyServerAJstream
Four Al Jazeera URL's were also on a government list of content to be blocked.
aljazeerablockIndiaAJstream
Some netizens were supportive of the government's decision, arguing that the move was justified and that "freedom of speech" does not necessarily mean one can say whatever they want:
In extraordinary circumstances, govt must do whatever it can under the constitution to prevent loss of life. Targeted, temporary blocks ok.Nitin Pai
Anyone who needs to know what free speech is look up Article 19 of Constitution. Free speech does not mean you can say what you want!Sagarika Ghose
@sagarikaghose Suspending, blocking abusers is NOT censorship ... Freedom of speech/press does NOT entail abusing and spreading LIES!True Indian
Others were clearly upset at what they perceived to be an infringement of their rights:
#India's Internet censorship is so inept, petty and partisan that it must be a secret weapon designed to make the Chinese die of laughter.Sadanand Dhume
All this #GOIBlocks thing on twitter has proved that PMO doesn't know how to 'handle' things.Keh Ke Peheno
Dear #AntiHinduMedia, to protest agnst #FascistCongress's proposal to block parody a/c & ban social media, I blocked & reported @PMOIndia !Swarup
MSM is not going to publish our views, we don't belong to their circle, the Net is the only place for us, you want to take that too away.Ratnakar Sadasyula
when @aparanjape is on censor list,you know ban is political censorship gone wrong. They blocked the wrong "right-wing" amit too. #FacepalmSrikanth R.
Some took a satirical stance on the whole affair:
18 Twitter handles blocked and I am not one of them. My 46,336 Tweets (before this one), were a waste of time !! Feeling miserable.Akhilesh Mishra
You're nobody in this country unless your Twitter/FB accounts are blocked. Clearly I have a long way to go.rupa subramanya